During World War II, Copenhagen, like many other cities in Europe, was under the control of Nazi Germany. However, the Danish people were not willing to accept the occupation and formed a resistance movement to fight against the Nazis. The Danish Resistance Movement was a network of underground organizations and individuals who worked secretly to sabotage German operations and gather intelligence. Their bravery and determination played a crucial role in the liberation of Denmark.Danish Resistance Movement in Copenhagen during World War II
In 1943, Germany declared martial law in Denmark and took full control of the country. This came as a shock to the Danish people, who had previously believed that their neutrality would protect them from invasion. The occupation led to strict censorship and control of the media, as well as the implementation of anti-Semitic policies. This prompted the Danish Resistance Movement to intensify their efforts to resist the occupation and protect their citizens.Occupation of Denmark by Nazi Germany in 1943
In September 1943, the Danish Resistance Movement carried out a series of bombings in Copenhagen as a response to the occupation. The target was the headquarters of the German Gestapo, who were responsible for the torture and execution of Danish citizens. The bombings were successful in destroying the Gestapo headquarters, but also caused significant damage to surrounding buildings. This event is considered one of the most significant acts of sabotage by the Danish resistance during the war.Bombing of Copenhagen in 1943
As part of their anti-Semitic policies, the Nazis began rounding up Jews in Denmark in 1943 with the intention of deporting them to concentration camps. However, the Danish Resistance Movement, along with many ordinary Danish citizens, worked together to hide and smuggle Jews out of the country to safety in Sweden. This act of solidarity and bravery saved the lives of thousands of Jews and is a testament to the courage of the Danish people during the war.Danish citizens hiding Jews in their homes during the war
Living in Copenhagen during the German occupation was a difficult and dangerous time for the Danish people. They faced food shortages, strict curfews, and constant surveillance by the Gestapo. Despite these challenges, the Danish people continued to resist the occupation in any way they could, whether it was through acts of sabotage, supporting the underground newspapers, or simply refusing to cooperate with the Germans.Life in Copenhagen during the German occupation
The Danish Resistance Movement was made up of individuals from all walks of life, including students, workers, and members of the Danish military. These brave men and women risked their lives to gather intelligence, sabotage German operations, and distribute propaganda. Many of them were arrested and executed by the Gestapo, but their sacrifice and courage will never be forgotten.Danish resistance fighters in Copenhagen
One way the Danish Resistance Movement spread information and rallied the Danish people against the occupation was through underground newspapers. These newspapers were illegal and often distributed in secret, but they provided a vital source of information and inspiration for the resistance. The most famous of these newspapers was "De Frie Danske" (The Free Danes), which published articles and cartoons critical of the Nazis and their collaborators.Danish underground newspapers during World War II
As the situation for Jews in Denmark became more perilous, the Danish Resistance Movement and ordinary citizens worked together to smuggle them out of the country to safety in Sweden. The Danish coast was heavily guarded by the Germans, so Jews were hidden in boats and sailed to Sweden under the cover of darkness. This dangerous and daring operation saved the lives of nearly 7,000 Jews.Danish Jews escaping to Sweden from Copenhagen
Despite the risks, the Danish people were not afraid to show their resistance to the occupation. Protests and strikes were organized, and citizens would often refuse to comply with German orders. The most significant protest took place in August 1943 when thousands of Danes took to the streets to protest against the arrest and deportation of Jews. This act of civil disobedience showed the strength and unity of the Danish people against the occupation.Danish civilians protesting against the occupation in Copenhagen
After the occupation of Denmark, the Danish government went into exile in London, where they continued to lead the country and support the resistance movement. They also worked with other governments in exile to plan the liberation of Denmark. On May 4, 1945, the German forces in Denmark surrendered, and the Danish government was able to return and resume control of the country.Danish government in exile during the war